What Does FMM Stand For?

FMM stands for Force Modulation Microscopy

Force Modulation Microscopy (FMM) is a high-resolution imaging technique that combines principles of atomic force microscopy (AFM) and modulation techniques to probe mechanical properties of materials at the nanoscale. By applying a controlled oscillatory force to the sample and measuring the resulting interactions, FMM enables the visualization of surface features and mechanical contrasts, offering insights into material properties such as elasticity, adhesion, and friction. This approach is particularly valuable in fields like materials science, biology, and nanotechnology, where understanding surface mechanics is crucial.