What Does UPD Stand For?

UPD stands for Underpotential Deposition

Underpotential Deposition (UPD) is an electrochemical phenomenon where certain metal ions are deposited onto a substrate at a potential that is more negative than their equilibrium potential. This process occurs during the electrochemical reduction of metal ions, allowing for the controlled deposition of metals in a manner that can surpass their conventional thermodynamic limits. UPD is significant in various applications, including the development of advanced materials, catalysts, and sensors, as it enables enhanced electrochemical properties and fine-tuning of surface characteristics.